
The Fog of War—and Finance: Navigating Uncertainty in Breaking News
Australian Field Marshal William Slim, who commanded troops in World Wars I and II, said, “In battle, nothing is ever as good or as bad as the first reports of excited men would have it.” As a young Army officer, I learned a simpler version: “The first report is always wrong.” This is generally true and something I was guilty of many times. When an event like an enemy attack occurs, subordinates report up the chain of command, but initial reports are often inaccurate.








